In V-STARS/S Mode, one camera is used to take images of an object that is fitted with photogrammetry targets. By automatically measuring points of the images, V-STARS automatically recreates the network geometry of these images and the points.
We call this "S-mode". It is also called off-line photogrammetry because the calculation of the point coordinates is performed by V-STARS only once the images are taken.
The highest measurement accuracy and versatility attainable with V-STARS is obtained with the S Mode system using GSI's INCA4 camera.
V-STARS has been fully tested and validated in accordance with the VDI/VDE 2634 standard for optical 3D measurement systems.

There are four S-Mode system configurations of V-STARS: V-STARS/M INCA4 using the INCA4 camera, V-STARS/N PLATINUM, V-STARS/N GOLD and V-STARS/N SILVER systems using the N series cameras.
They are all portable and comprises of a high accuracy and calibrated digital camera, a lap top computer, V-STARS software, and accessories. The 3D measurement accuracy today ranges from 10 µm + 10 µm/m to a maximum of 4.5 µm + 4.5 µm/m, corresponding to 0.0225mm @ 4m or 1:200,000.
V-STARS/S has the inherent advantages of photogrammetry. The V-STARS measurement is immune to vibration and movement; the camera can be operated hand-held from MEWPs (Mobile elevating work platforms),
cranes and unstable platforms; image process is extremely fast; ultra-fast wireless transmission of the recorded images is available; and the systems fit into two small cases that can travel as carry-on luggage.
In addition, multiple cameras used simultaneously in S-mode for the measurement of both dynamic and static objects.

V-STARS/M involves multiple cameras and operates as a portable CMM (optical coordinate measurement machine). It is designed to perform an accurate 3D real-time measurement. Operation is performed in stable and unstable environments, at a rate of up to 10 measurements per second.
V-STARS/M uses two or more custom digital cameras, the INCA4 or the high-speed DynaMO cameras. It performs accurate, real-time measurements of static or moving objects, via wireless operated tactile probes, retro-reflective photogrammetry targets or dots projected by PROSPOT.

When using two cameras, the real-time V-STARS/M measurement system has an accuracy of:

• 14µm + 14 µm/m or 1:57,000 on a 4m object (0.07mm @ 4m) with Dynamo D5 cameras
• 10µm + 10 µm/m or 1:80,000 on a 4m object (0.05mm @ 4m) with Dynamo D12 cameras
• 9µm + 9 µm/m or 1:88,000 on a 4m object (0.045mm @ 4m) with INCA4 cameras

V-STARS/M unique ability is to perform real-time measurements in unstable environments.
In some cases, the stability of the cameras is required following the quick set up. In Unstable Mode , the cameras can vibrate or move without impacting the measurement accuracy.
The Unstable Mode, stable control points on the object are used. This way the camera positions are re-computed at each flash. As a result, the camera movement or the object movement is fully compensated. Typically, the control geometry is obtained by a quick, automated single-camera V-STARS/S Mode measurement. V-STARS has been fully tested and validated in accordance with the VDI/VDE 2634 standard for optical 3D measurement systems.

V-STARS benefits from many accessories.
The major ones are:

• Tactile probes.
• PROSPOT_A stroboscopic projector.
• I-CAN (canister for use in vacuum and harsh temperature).
• Photogrammetry targets.